Expand All Collapse All Extent 287 folders, approximately 9,879 pages Summary This collection contains materials related to President Jean-Bertrand Aristide of Haiti. In 1990, the Salesian priest won election to the office of President of Haiti at the head of his Organisation Politique “Lavalas.” However, military coup forced him into exile in the United States the next year. In 1994, with the diplomatic, economic, and military assistance of the Clinton Administration, Aristide returned to Haiti. He remained in office until February 1996. Aristide won his second Presidential election in 2000, though a violent rebellion forced him from office in 2004. Aristide spent his second exile in South Africa and returned to Haiti in 2011. The records in this collection, dating from January 1993 to January 2001, consist of emails, cables, and correspondence concerning the Clinton Administration’s relationship with Aristide, as well as the latter’s return to Haiti in 1994. Scope and Content Note The materials in FOIA 2006-0651-F are a selective body of documents responsive to the topic of the FOIA. Jean-Bertrand Aristide was born in Haiti in 1953. After receiving an education at the College Notre Dame, the State University of Haiti, and the Grande Seminaire Notre Dame, he became an ordained Salesian priest. Assigned to a parish in the Haitian capital of Port-au-Prince, Aristide embraced liberation theology and preached in opposition to the regimes of dictator François “Papa Doc” Dulavier and his son Jean-Claude “Baby Doc” Dulavier. Aristide eventually became the leader of the “ti legiz” movement against the Dulaviers. In 1990, Aristide successfully ran for President of Haiti at the head of the new political party, Organization Politique “Lavalas” (OPL). Although President Aristide was able to bring about some reforms during his first months in office, opposition from businessmen and the military lead to a coup d’etat which forced the Haitian President into exile on September 29, 1991. Aristide first fled to Venezuela and then to the United States, where he resided for the duration of his exile. During this period, the Haitian government was primarily controlled by Army General Raoul Cédras. In July 1993, under international pressure in the form of sanctions, Aristide and Cédras met at Governors Island, New York, to discuss terms for Aristide’s return to Haiti and resolution of the political crisis. The resulting document, the Governors Island Accord, specified these terms, including the appointment by Aristide of a new prime minister, the granting of amnesty for members for those involved in the coup, and the return of Aristide in October 1993. However, Aristide’s return was postponed due to fears for his safety should he return to Haiti. On July 31, 1994, the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 940, which authorized the deployment of a multinational force under American leadership to restore Aristide to the presidency of Haiti. In addition to sending troops to Haiti under Operation Uphold Democracy on September 19, 1994, President Clinton sent a diplomatic delegation consisting of former President Jimmy Carter, Senator Sam Nunn, and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Colin Powell. Under this pressure, Cédras resigned and left for exile in Panama in early October. Aristide returned to Haiti on October 15, 1994. During the remainder of his first term in office, President Aristide created a civilian police force in place of the Haitian army, which he disbanded. The Haitian constitution, which does not allow for consecutive presidential terms, prevented Aristide from running for reelection in the fall of 1995. Although some felt that Aristide’s term should have been extended by three years due to his exile, Aristide left the presidency on February 7, 1996. His first Prime Minister, René Préval succeeded him. In the meantime, Aristide’s differences with the Catholic hierarchy led him to leave the clergy, allowing him to marry American lawyer and speechwriter Mildred Trouillot in January 1996. The couple has two daughters. Throughout President Préval’s term, Aristide remained an active political figure. In 1996, he abandoned OPL, which changed its name to Organization du Peuple en Lutte, and created the Fanmi Lavalas party. As the head of this party, Aristide successfully ran again for the Haitian presidency in the fall of 2000. His second term in this office began on February 7, 2001. However, a violent rebellion, which began in September 2003, forced Aristide out of office on February 28, 2004. Aristide eventually settled in South Africa for his second exile. Aristide returned to Haiti on March 18, 2011. The NSC Cables, Emails, and Records Management Systems (RMS) contain much of the material responsive to FOIA 2006-0651-F. The NSC Cables, dating January 1993 through January 2001, contain international media coverage of Aristide throughout this time period, transcripts of his speeches, reports of a general nature regarding his activities, and routine correspondence between him and President Clinton. Correspondence between National Security Council Staff members regarding Aristide, dating February 1993 through January 2001, is located in the NSC Emails. These emails include press guidance on Aristide and the political situation in Haiti, discussions of Haitian President’s activities, references to dialogue with interested members of Congress, and planning documents for Aristide’s numerous visits to Washington, D.C. The emails also include discussion of Radio Democracy, a station created by the U.S. to broadcast Aristide’s messages to the Haitian people in the months prior to his return, as well as references to correspondence between Aristide and the Clinton Administration. NSC Records Management materials consist largely of tracking sheets and administrative paperwork. Much of this material is closed for national security reasons. However, there are substantive letters from members of congress and the public at-large, primarily celebrities, regarding Jean-Bertrand Aristide. There are also talking points, speeches, and correspondence related to state visits or the return of Aristide to Haiti. The collection also contains some limited correspondence between President Clinton and Aristide. The Automated Records Management System (ARMS) Emails contains correspondence, memos, press analysis, and talking points concerning President Aristide. Specifically, the emails consist of interoffice correspondence concerning visits by Aristide to the White House. Responsive ARMS records also contain interoffice correspondence and world press analysis concerning American involvement in restoring democracy to Haiti. The Worker and Visitor Entry System (WAVES) contains material responsive to FOIA 2006-0651-F. Responsive WAVES entries are related to Jean-Bertrand Aristide’s entry to the White House and appointments with President Clinton. Many of the records related to this FOIA case are closed for national security reasons. Record Type Textual System of Arrangement Records that are responsive to this FOIA are found in these collection areas – Clinton Presidential Records: WHORM Subject Files, Clinton Presidential Records: WHORM Subject Files CF, Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files; Clinton Presidential Records: ARMS Emails, Clinton Presidential Records: Electronic Daily Diary, Clinton Presidential Records: Electronic WAVES Files, and Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cables, Emails, and Records Management System. The White House Office of Records Management (WHORM) contains a variety of series created to organize and track documents and correspondence. The WHORM Subject file was compiled by the White House Office of Records Management and is a series of categories designated by a letter/number combination. In addition, there are WHORM, WHORM Counsel, WHORM (CL), WHORM (OP), WHORM (Too Late); WHORM (Various Offices); and WHORM (Alpha Project) series. Staff and Office Files were maintained at the folder level by staff members within their individual offices and documents all levels of administrative activity. WHORM files are processed at the document level; whereas, Staff and Office files are processed at the folder level, that is, individual documents are not selected and removed from a folder for processing. While this method maintains folder integrity, it frequently results in the incidental processing of documents that are not wholly responsive to the subject area. The Automated Records Management System (ARMS) is a database that contains email records of the Executive Office of the President. This system maintained unclassified Presidential email. The ARMS dataset is comprised of 6 sub-series of email records called “Buckets.” The buckets include NPR, OPD, POTUS, WHO, CEA, and Default. ARMS emails are arranged chronologically by creation date. The Electronic Daily Diary is a log of the President’s daily activities and is arranged by chronologically by date. The Electronic WAVES Search System is a log of visitors/appointments to the White House and is arranged by name of visitor there under by date. FOIA 2006-0651-F includes WHORM records from these subject codes: CO001-01 Africa CO072 Haiti, Republic of CO156 South Africa, Republic of FG001-02 Personal Representative of the President FG006-01 White House Office FG006-06 National Security Council FG035 Senate FO006-06 Summit of the Americas, Miami, FL, Dec94 (Hemispheric Summit) GI002 Gifts to the President GI003 Gifts to or from the U.S. IV096 Invitations 1996 JL002 Civil Matters ME001 Messages (sent to individuals) PU001-07 Clippings to the President TR126-04 Port-au-Prince, Haiti, 3/31/95 Access Collection is open to all researchers. Access to Clinton Presidential Records is governed by the Presidential Records Act (PRA) (44 USC 2201) and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) (5 USC 552, as amended) and therefore records may be restricted in whole or in part in accordance with legal exemptions. Copyright Documents in this collection that were prepared by officials of the United States government as part of their official duties are in the public domain. Researchers are advised to consult the copyright law of the United States (17 USC, 101) which governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Provenance Official records of William Jefferson Clinton’s presidency are housed at the Clinton Presidential Library and administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) under the provisions of the Presidential Records Act (PRA). Subject Headings Haiti Haitians Person Names Aristide, Jean-Bertrand Processed by Staff Archivist, 2011. Previously restricted materials are added as they are released. Last Modified Date 0014-07-16 Container List The following is a list of documents and folders processed in response to FOIA 2006-0651-F: Box 1 Clinton Presidential Records: WHORM: Subject File Category Case Number CO001-01 080611 CO072 000634 CO072 000675 CO072 001742 CO072 002021 CO072 004194 CO072 006390 CO072 007606 CO072 007996SS CO072 010872 CO072 015890 CO072 020193 CO072 029417SS CO072 034161 CO072 036229 CO072 040821 CO072 040924 CO072 041617 CO072 043590 CO072 045588 CO072 048140 CO072 049204 CO072 052502 CO072 054456 CO072 058898 CO072 060606 CO072 063901 CO072 064390 CO072 072005 CO072 073272 Clinton Presidential Records: WHORM: Subject File (continued) CO072 079323 CO072 080179SS CO072 080870 CO072 081163 CO072 083276 CO072 083631 CO072 083778SS CO072 089487 CO072 109616 CO072 122735SS CO156 080836 CO156 084090SS FG006-01 117262 FG006-06 016752 FG035 087227 FO006-06 094170[1] Box 2 FO006-06 094170[2] FO006-06 094170[3] FO006-06 094170[4] GI002 124812 GI003 085813SS IV096 174975 JL002 041053CU ME001 138360 PU001-07 042556SS PU001-07 087474SS TR126-04 120695 Clinton Presidential Records: WHORM: Subject File CF CO072 000259 CO072 020378 CO072 083778 CO072 008555SS CO072 172607SS FG001-02 092278 Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files Communications Walker, Ann Aristide Development: Haiti and the US Article [OA/ID10490] Legislative Affairs Millsap, Elsa Events-October: Event with Aristide West Lobby 10/14/94 [OA/ID 6522] National Security Council Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs Lake, Anthony Memcons/Telcons [President Aristide of Haiti] [OA/ID 1466] Executive Secretary Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files (continued) Itoh, William Aristide, March 1993 [OA/ID 822] Aristide, October 14, 1994 [OA/ID 825] FG006-01 212691 [Aristide] [OA/ID 8538] Global Affairs Darragh, Sean Narcotics-Aristide [Haiti] [OA/ID 272] Box 3 Inter-American Affairs Rossin, Lawrence [Haiti] – Aristide Allegations [OA/ID 366] Legal Advisor Baker, James Haiti – Aristide [OA/ID 2374] Speechwriting Blinken, Anthony Clinton – Aristide Farewell, October 14, 1994 [OA/ID 3386] Points for Aristide 10/14/94 [OA/ID 3384] Boostin, Robert Aristide Speeches [OA/ID 423] Haiti – Aristide Goodbye – 10/14/94 [OA/ID 421] Haiti – Aristide Delegation – 10/16/94 [OA/ID 421] Staff Director Soderberg, Nancy Haiti – Aristide, October 1993 [OA/ID 1392] Haiti – Calls, October, 1993 [OA/ID 1392] Haiti – Calls to Aristide/Malval, Press Statement and Talking Points, October 29 [OA/ID 1392] [Haiti] – CIA and Aristide, 1993 [OA/ID 1392] Haiti, 1993 [OA/ID 1392] Haiti Crisis, 1993 [OA/ID 1392] Transnational Threats Clarke, Richard Haiti – Aristide [OA/ID 3550] Public Liaison McAfee, Flo Aristide Ceremony 10/14/94 [OA/ID 11052] Haiti Delegation 10/15/94 [OA/ID 11052] Haiti Preval Inaugural Delegation 2/7/96 [OA/ID 11052] Box 4 Clinton Presidential Records: Automated Records Management System [Email] OPD [OA/ID 250,000] [Aristide] [10/31/1997] WHO [OA/ID 500,000] [Aristide] [03/04/1993 – 10/01/1993] [10/11/1993 – 09/15/1994] Clinton Presidential Records: Automated Records Management System [Email] (continued) [09/15/1994 – 10/27/2000] Default [OA/ID 1,100,000] [Aristide] [03/12/1993 – 07/13/1994] NSC [OA/ID 1200000] [Aristide] [06/14/1996] Clinton Presidential Records: Electronic Daily Diary [Aristide] [03/16/1993 – 12/26/1995] [OA/ID 150,000] Clinton Presidential Records: Electronic Waves Search System [Aristide] [07/22/1993 – 03/25/1994] [OA/ID 180,000] Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cables, Emails and Records Management System (RMS) NSC Cables Jan 1993 – Dec 1994 [Aristide] [01/22/1993 – 02/27/1993] [OA/ID 505000] [03/01/1993 – 04/29/1993] [OA/ID 505000] [05/04/1993 – 06/09/1993] [OA/ID 505000] [06/10/1993 – 06/22/1993] [OA/ID 505000] Box 5 [06/23/1993 – 06/30/1993] [OA/ID 505000] [07/02/1993 – 07/30/1993] [OA/ID 505000] [08/02/1993 – 08/31/1993] [OA/ID 505000] [09/07/1993 – 09/30/1993] [OA/ID 505000] [10/05/1993 – 10/22/1993] [OA/ID 505000] [10/24/1993 – 10/29/1993] [OA/ID 505000] [10/29/1993 – 11/03/1993] [OA/ID 505000] [01/04/1994 – 01/31/1994] [OA/ID 505000] [02/01/1994 – 02/25/1994] [OA/ID 505000] [03/01/1994 – 03/30/1994] [OA/ID 505000] Box 6 [04/01/1994 – 04/29/1994] [OA/ID 505000] [05/02/1994 – 05/27/1994] [OA/ID 505000] [06/01/1994 – 06/30/1994] [OA/ID 505000] [07/01/1994 – 07/30/1994] [OA/ID 505000] [08/02/1994 – 08/12/1994] [OA/ID 505000] [08/16/1994 – 08/31/1994] [OA/ID 505000] [09/08/1994 – 09/20/1994] [OA/ID 505000] [09/21/1994 – 09/30/1994] [OA/ID 505000] [10/01/1994 – 10/06/1994] [OA/ID 505000] [10/07/1994 – 10/11/1994] [OA/ID 505000] Box 7 [10/12/1994 – 10/15/1994] [OA/ID 505000] [10/16/1994 – 10/18/1994] [OA/ID 505000] Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cables, Emails and Records Management System (RMS) (continued) [10/19/1994 – 10/20/1994] [OA/ID 505000] [10/21/1994 – 10/26/1994] [OA/ID 505000] [10/27/1994 – 10/31/1994] [OA/ID 505000] [11/01/1994 – 11/18/1994] [OA/ID 505000] [11/19/1994 – 11/30/1994] [OA/ID 505000] [12/01/1994 – 12/13/1994] [OA/ID 505000] Box 8 [12/14/1994 – 12/31/1994] [OA/ID 505000] Jan 1995 – Dec 1996 [Aristide] [01/04/1995 – 01/19/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [01/20/1995 – 01/31/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [02/02/1995 – 02/16/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [03/03/1995 – 03/31/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [04/01/1995 – 04/14/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [05/01/1995 – 05/16/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [05/17/1995 – 05/31/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [06/01/1995 – 06/09/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [06/14/1995 – 06/30/1995] [OA/ID 510000] Box 9 [07/01/1995 – 07/19/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [07/20/1995 – 07/31/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [08/01/1995 – 08/22/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [08/23/1995 – 08/31/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [09/01/1995 – 09/19/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [09/20/1995 – 09/30/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [10/02/1995 – 10/15/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [10/16/1995 – 10/31/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [11/01/1995 – 11/15/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [11/17/1995 – 11/30/1995] [OA/ID 510000] Box 10 [12/01/1995 – 12/22/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [03/05/1996 – 06/29/1996] [OA/ID 510000] [07/01/1996 – 09/29/1996] [OA/ID 510000] [10/02/1996 – 12/20/1996] [OA/ID 510000] Jan 1997 – Dec 1998 [Aristide] [01/03/1997 – 04/22/1997] [OA/ID 520000] [05/01/1997 – 07/30/1997] [OA/ID 520000] [08/04/1997 – 11/19/1997] [OA/ID 520000] [12/18/1997 – 02/03/1998] [OA/ID 520000] Box 11 [03/10/1998 – 05/29/1998] [OA/ID 520000] [06/12/1998 – 12/23/1998] [OA/ID 520000] Jan 1999 – Dec 2000 [Aristide] [01/15/1999 – 09/21/1999] [OA/ID 530000] Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cables, Emails and Records Management System (RMS) (continued) [10/09/1999 – 12/30/1999] [OA/ID 530000] [01/20/2000 – 03/31/2000] [OA/ID 530000] [04/18/2000 – 06/28/2000] [OA/ID 530000] [07/05/2000 – 09/27/2000] [OA/ID 530000] [10/03/2000 – 10/30/2000] [OA/ID 530000] [11/07/2000 – 12/29/2000] [OA/ID 530000] Jan 2001 [Aristide] [01/02/2001 – 01/19/2001] [OA/ID 540000] Box 12 NSC Emails A1 – Record (Jan 93 – Sept 94) [Aristide] [02/04/1993 – 04/15/1993] [OA/ID 570000] [05/12/1993 – 07/30/1993] [OA/ID 570000] [08/02/1993 – 10/29/1993] [OA/ID 570000] [11/01/1993 – 12/30/1993] [OA/ID 570000] [01/05/1994 – 03/30/1994] [OA/ID 570000] [04/01/1994 – 04/28/1994] [OA/ID 570000] [05/02/1994 – 05/23/1994] [OA/ID 570000] [06/02/1994 – 07/27/1994] [OA/ID 570000] [08/03/1994 – 09/22/1994] [OA/ID 570000] Box 13 A1 – Non-Record (Apr 94 – Sept 94) [Aristide] [04/05/1994 – 09/22/1994] [OA/ID 580000] MSMail – Record (Sept 94 – Sept 97) [Aristide] [09/22/1994 – 12/02/1994] [OA/ID 590000] [01/17/1995 – 12/26/1995] [OA/ID 590000] [01/18/1996 – 09/20/1996] [OA/ID 590000] MSMail – Non-Record (Sept 94 – Sept 97) [Aristide] [10/05/1994 – 08/06/1996] [OA/ID 605000] Exchange – Record (Sept 97 – Jan 01) [Aristide] [09/23/1998 – 01/12/2001] [OA/ID 620000] Exchange – Non-Record (Mar 97 – Jan 01) [Aristide] [07/24/1998 – 12/14/2000] [OA/ID 630000] NSC Records Management [Aristide] 9300109 [OA/ID 139] 9300269 [OA/ID 139] 9300476 [OA/ID 140] 9300786 [OA/ID 140] 9300967 [OA/ID 141] 9301070 [OA/ID 141] Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cables, Emails and Records Management System (RMS) (continued) 9301290 [OA/ID 142] 9301231 [OA/ID 142] 9301469 [OA/ID 143] 9301605 [OA/ID 143] 9301799 [OA/ID 144] 9302087 [OA/ID 145] Box 14 9302902 [OA/ID 180] 9303388 [OA/ID 149] 9303422 [OA/ID 149] 9303527 [OA/ID 149] 9304452 [OA/ID 2271] 9305140 [OA/ID 2272] 9305294 [OA/ID 154] 9305297 [OA/ID 154] 9305366 [OA/ID 154] 9305405 [OA/ID 154] 9305455 [OA/ID 154] 9307277 [OA/ID 163] 9307493 [OA/ID 164] 9307620 [OA/ID 165] 9307732 [OA/ID 166] 9308095 [OA/ID 168] 9308181 [OA/ID 168] 9308193 [OA/ID 168] 9308233 [OA/ID 168] 9308343 [OA/ID 169] 9308369 [OA/ID 169] 9308379 [OA/ID 169] 9308457 [OA/ID 170] 9308458 [OA/ID 170] 9308470 [OA/ID 170] 9308555 [OA/ID 170] 9308947 [OA/ID 172] 9309287 [OA/ID 174] 9309524 [OA/ID 175] 9309541 [OA/ID 175] 9309590 [OA/ID 176] Box 15 9309721 [OA/ID 176] 9309810 [OA/ID 177] 9309885 [OA/ID 177] 9400025 [OA/ID 181] 9400174 [OA/ID 181] 9400310 [OA/ID 467] 9400940 [OA/ID 469] 9401345 [OA/ID 185] 9401837 [OA/ID 2285] Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cables, Emails and Records Management System (RMS) (continued) 9402079 [OA/ID 471] 9402296 [OA/ID 189] 9402312 [OA/ID 189] 9402348 [OA/ID 471] 9402367 [OA/ID 190] 9402499 [OA/ID 471] 9402666 [OA/ID 472] 9403074 [OA/ID 472] 9405615 [OA/ID 478] 9407723 [OA/ID 481] 9407744 [OA/ID 481] 9407798 [OA/ID 215] 9407813 [OA/ID 215] 9407937 [OA/ID 215] 9407947 [OA/ID 215] 9408012 [OA/ID 216] 9408225 [OA/ID 2298] 9408306 [OA/ID 217] 9408364 [OA/ID 482] 9408500 [OA/ID 218] 9808874 [OA/ID 482] 9410109 [OA/ID 226] 9500229 [OA/ID 559] 9500884 [OA/ID 563] 9500900 [OA/ID 564] 9501598 [OA/ID 568] 9501617 [OA/ID 568] 9503625 [OA/ID 581] 9504490 [OA/ID 587] 9504931 [OA/ID 591] 9505646 [OA/ID 596] 9505784 [OA/ID 597] 9505840 [OA/ID 597] Box 16 9507221 [OA/ID 606] 9507987 [OA/ID 611] 9508446 [OA/ID 615] 9508467 [OA/ID 615] 9508666 [OA/ID 616] 9509166 [OA/ID 620] 9509187 [OA/ID 620] 9521437 [OA/ID 2177] 9600313 [OA/ID 1081] 9600709 [OA/ID 1084] 9604134 [OA/ID 1107] 9605142 [OA/ID 1114] 9607417 [OA/ID 1129] Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cables, Emails and Records Management System (RMS) (continued) 9704348 [OA/ID 1627] 9704541 [OA/ID 1628] 9806308 [OA/ID 2058] 0003232 [OA/ID 4090] 0004209 [OA/ID 4096] 0007302 [OA/ID 4114] 0100206 [OA/ID 4183]