Expand All Collapse All Extent 113 folders, approximately 5,299 pages Summary This collection consists of records from 1994 to 2000 concerning Brazilian accession to the Treaty on Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). It contains are messages to Congress, unclassified documents related to the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Agreement, copies of news articles, speech drafts and talking points related to Brazil’s accession to the NPT, and administrative paperwork. Scope and Content Note The materials in FOIA 2010-0652-F are a selective body of documents responsive to the topic of the FOIA. Researchers should also see 2006-0526-F, materials related to Brazilian President Cardoso’s visit to Camp David; 2009-1155-F, documents concerning President Clinton’s trip to South America in October 1997; 2009-1159-F, materials related to Brazilian President Cardoso’s Trips to the United States; 2009-1161-F, records related to Brazilian Foreign Minister Luiz Felipe Lampreia's meetings with members of the Clinton Administration. Researchers should consult the archivist about related materials. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request 2010-0652-F was for records related to Brazilian accession to the Treaty on Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and relations between Brazil and the United States related to nuclear issues. This collection includes the staff and office files of the National Security Council (NSC) and responsive records from Automated Records Management (ARMS) and Tape Restoration Project (TRP) email databases. The collection also includes records from the National Security Council Office of Records Management Cable, Email and Records Management System. The request excluded records prior to 1994. The records opened in this collection are messages to Congress, unclassified documents related to the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Agreement, copies of news articles, speech drafts and talking points related to Brazil’s accession to the NPT, and administrative paperwork. Emails in the collection include scheduling arrangements and those related to document tracking. Cables include press reviews and compilations, press guidance, talking points, In the 1990s, Brazil continued their process of extraordinary and significant steps in nuclear policy. Under the Guadalajara Agreement, Brazil and Argentina established the Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC) in July 1991. In conjunction with their efforts in the ABACC, in March 1994, Brazil accepted the full-scope safeguards agreement set forth in the Quadripartite Agreement. They ratified the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin American and the Caribbean, most commonly referred to as the Treaty of Tlatelolco, in 1994. Brazil became a member of the Nuclear Suppliers Group in April 1996. They acceded to the NPT and ratified the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT or CTB) in July 1998. These ratifications, accessions, and agreements were the culmination of decades of work on the part of the Brazilian government. Following the Cuban Missile Crisis work began on establishing a nuclear weapons free zone in Latin America. The Treaty of Tlatelolco was finalized February 1967. Under this agreement the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean agreed to keep their region free of nuclear weapons. Brazil became a signatory to the agreement in February 1967. Though a signatory, Brazil continued to operate nuclear weapons programs for a number of years. President Fernando Collor de Mello effectively ended Brazil’s nuclear weapons programs by revealing an army program to create an atomic weapon and symbolically closing the test site. James Doyle in his book Nuclear Safeguards, Security, and Nonproliferation states however that this was done primarily for economic policy reasons rather than military or nonproliferation reasons. Andrea Oelsner notes in International Relations in Latin America that in the 1990s the governments of both Brazil and Argentina became more receptive to the pressures of the United States and other nuclear supplier nations. The United States linked closer economic relations to the acceptance of full safeguards and the cessation of nuclear explosions testing. Likewise West Germany, Brazil’s primary supplier of nuclear materials, announced that it would no longer export nuclear materials to countries that did not accept full-scope safeguards. This pressure combined with the end of Brazil and Argentina’s quiet nuclear rivalry and, as Oelsner notes “their difficult economic situations,” led them to more readily accept full-scope safeguards. Regardless of the reasons Mello’s decision allowed for continued talks with the U.S. on nonproliferation, nuclear safeguards, and peaceful uses of nuclear materials. The United States supported peaceful uses of nuclear materials in Brazil. In the 1950s the U.S. peaceful nuclear program sold reactors and enriched uranium to Brazil. President George H.W. Bush and Brazilian President Mello spoke on several occasions regarding nuclear safeguards and nonproliferation. Presidents Clinton and Fernando Cardoso discussed nuclear nonproliferation and safeguards during Cardoso’s visit to the U.S. in April 1995. The U.S. supported and urged Brazil’s ratification of nonproliferation treaties and for acceptance of safeguard agreements. Brazil often did, and still does, criticize the U.S. policy of inspections and strict control of nuclear technology as unfair, unjust, and hypocritical. Brazil notes that they are a nuclear weapons free state seeking peaceful uses only and consenting to the restrictions set by the NPT, CTBT, and others; while countries like the United States maintain nuclear arsenals and give only lip service to disarmament. Clinton noted Brazil’s historic ratification of the CTBT and accession to the NPT in July 1998. Secretary of State, Madeleine Albright, noted by becoming a member of the treaty Brazil showed itself as one of the leading nations of the world. Record Type Textual System of Arrangement Records that were responsive to this request were found in these collection areas — Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files, Clinton Presidential Records: Automated Records Management System, Clinton Presidential Records: Tape Restoration Project, and Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cable, Email, and Records Management System. The Automated Records Management System (ARMS) is a database that contains email records of the Executive Office of the President. This system maintained unclassified Presidential email. The ARMS dataset is comprised of 6 sub-series of email records called “Buckets.” The buckets include NPR, OPD, POTUS, WHO, CEA, and Default. ARMS emails are arranged chronologically by creation date. The Tape Restoration Project (TRP) is a database consisting of restored emails from the Automated Records Management System from July 1994 through June of 2000. The TRP is a database that contains email records of the Executive Office of the President. This system maintained unclassified Presidential record email. The TRP dataset is comprised of 6 sub-series of email records called “Buckets.” The buckets include NPR, OPD, POTUS, WHO, CEA, and Default. ARMS emails are arranged chronologically by creation date. Access Collection is open to all researchers. Access to Clinton Presidential Records is governed by the Presidential Records Act (PRA) (44 U.S.C. Chapter 22) and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) (5 U.S.C. 552, as amended) and therefore records may be restricted in whole or in part in accordance with legal exemptions. Copyright Documents in this collection that were prepared by officials of the United States government as part of their official duties are in the public domain. Researchers are advised to consult the copyright law of the United States (Chapter 17 U.S.C.) which governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Provenance Official records of William Jefferson Clinton’s presidency are housed at the Clinton Presidential Library and administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) under the provisions of the Presidential Records Act (PRA). Processed by Staff Archivist, May 2015. Previously restricted materials are added as they are released. Last Modified Date 2015-12-08 Container List The following is a list of documents and folders processed in response to 2010-0652-F: Box 1 Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files National Security Council Defense Policy and Arms Control Andreasen, Steven Nonproliferation Treaty Briefing Book 1995 [1] [OA/ID 3850] Nonproliferation Treaty Briefing Book 1995 [2] [OA/ID 3850] Nonproliferation Treaty Briefing Book 1995 [3] [OA/ID 3850] Nonproliferation Treaty Briefing Book 1995 [4] [OA/ID 3850] Nonproliferation Treaty Briefing Book 1995 [5] [OA/ID 3850] Nonproliferation Treaty Briefing Book 1995 [6] [OA/ID 3850] Nonproliferation Treaty Briefing Book 1995 [7] [OA/ID 3850] Interamerican Affairs Brazil #2, 1995 [1] [OA/ID 761] Brazil #2, 1995 [2] [OA/ID 761] Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files (continued) National Security Council Interamerican Affairs Brazil #2, 1995 [3] [OA/ID 761] Brazil #2, 1995 [4] [OA/ID 761] Brazil #2, 1995 [5] [OA/ID 761] Brazil #3, 1995 [1] [OA/ID 761] Brazil #3, 1995 [2] [OA/ID 761] Box 2 Brazil #3, 1995 [3] [OA/ID 761] Brazil #3, 1995 [4] [OA/ID 761] Brazil #3, 1995 [5] [OA/ID 761] Brazil #3, 1995 [6] [OA/ID 761] Hollis, Caryn Visit of Brazilian President Cardoso to the United States, 23-27 June 1997 [Notebook] [OA/ID 2400] Pyatt, Geoffery Brazil, 1996 [1] [OA/ID 1207] Brazil, 1996 [2] [OA/ID 1207] Nonproliferation and Export Controls Harris, Elisa Brazil [1] [OA/ID 1377] Brazil [2] [OA/ID 1377] Brazil [3] [OA/ID 1377] Samore, Gary Brazil [1] [OA/ID 3027] Brazil [2] [OA/ID 3027] Brazil [3] [OA/ID 3027] Box 3 Brazil [4] [OA/ID 3027] Brazil [5] [OA/ID 3027] Brazil [6] [OA/ID 3027] Brazil [7] [OA/ID 3027] Tucker, Maureen Argentina/Brazil – U.S. Military Assistance Reports [FY1996] [OA/ID 2604] Argentina/Brazil – U.S. Military Assistance Reports [FY1997] [OA/ID 2604] Argentina/Brazil – U.S. Military Assistance Reports [FY1998] [OA/ID 2604] Argentina/Brazil – U.S. Military Assistance Reports [FY1999] [OA/ID 2604] Argentina/Brazil – U.S. Military Assistance Reports [FY2000] [OA/ID 2604] Argentina/Brazil – U.S. Military Assistance Reports [FY2001] [OA/ID 2604] Brazil/India Nuclear Cooperation 1997-1998 [OA/ID 2383] Speechwriting Benjamin, Daniel Cardoso Visit [OA/ID 1852] Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files (continued) Special Envoy for the Americas McLarty, Thomas Countries: Brazil [OA/ID CF 1041] Box 4 Clinton Presidential Records: Automated Records Management System [E-mail] NSC [OA/ID 1200000] [Brazil, Nuclear, Nonproliferation] [04/21/1995-09/28/1998] Clinton Presidential Records: Tape Restoration Project (TRP) [E-mail] NSC [OA/ID 1200000] [Brazil, Nuclear, Nonproliferation] [06/15/1998-09/24/1998] Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cable, Email, and Records Management System NSC Cables Jan 1993-Dec 1994 [OA/ID 505000] [Brazil, CTBT] [01/26/1994-08/23/1994] [08/31/1994-12/19/1994] [Brazil, Nonproliferation Treaty] [01/11/1994-02/24/1994] [03/04/1994-06/08/1994] [06/10/1994-12/29/1994] [Brazil, Nuclear, Peaceful Uses] [01/31/1994-08/23/1994] [08/24/1994-10/10/1994] [Brazil, Nuclear Suppliers Group] [04/04/1994-10/26/1994] Jan 1995-Dec 1996 [OA/ID 510000] [Brazil, CTBT] [03/22/1995-06/20/1996] [07/25/1996-08/27/1996] [08/28/1996-12/19/1996] Box 5 [Brazil, Nonproliferation Treaty] [01/06/1995-03/23/1995] [03/30/1995-05/19/1995] [05/31/1995-08/26/1995] [10/20/1995-03/29/1996] [04/24/1996-10/29/1996] [Brazil, Nuclear, Peaceful Uses] [02/13/1995-07/02/1996] Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cable, Email, and Records Management System (continued) NSC Cables Jan 1995-Dec 1996 [OA/ID 510000] [Brazil, Nuclear Suppliers Group] [01/27/1995-04/30/1996] [09/25/1996-10/30/1996] Jan 1997-Dec 1998 [OA/ID 520000] [Brazil, CTBT] [02/12/1997-07/17/1997] [09/08/1997-11/27/1998] [Brazil, Nonproliferation Treaty] [02/13/1997-10/01/1997] [10/08/1997-11/25/1998] [Brazil, Nuclear, Peaceful Uses] [03/10/1997-06/15/1998] Box 6 Jan 1997-Dec 1998 [OA/ID 520000] [Brazil, Nuclear Suppliers Group] [01/11/1997-11/27/1998] Jan 1999-Dec 2000 [OA/ID 530000] [Brazil, CTBT] [08/06/1999-08/30/2000] [Brazil, Nonproliferation Treaty] [01/29/1999-05/08/2000] [05/09/2000-11/20/2000] [Brazil, Nuclear, Peaceful Uses] [08/16/1999-11/21/2000] [01/11/1997-11/27/1998] [Brazil, Nuclear Suppliers Group] [03/26/1999] NSC Email A-1 Record (Jan 93-Sept 94) [OA/ID 570000] [Brazil, Nonproliferation Treaty] [05/18/1994] MSMail-Record (Sept 94-Sept 97) [OA/ID 590000] [Brazil, Nonproliferation Treaty] [10/25/1994-04/17/1995] [04/19/1995-11/09/1995] [11/30/1995] [03/01/1996-03/05/1997] [03/14/1997-04/30/1997] [Brazil, Nuclear] [02/27/1995-03/19/1997] MSMail-Non-Record (Sept 94-Sept 97) [OA/ID 605000] [Brazil, Nonproliferation Treaty] [04/17/1995-02/13/1997] Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cable, Email, and Records Management System (continued) NSC Email MSMail-Non-Record (Sept 94-Sept 97) [OA/ID 605000] [Brazil, Nuclear] [08/29/1995-10/31/1995] Exchange-Record (Sept 97-Jan 01) [OA/ID 620000] [Brazil, Nonproliferation Treaty] [09/10/1997-10/09/1997] [10/09/1997-10/31/1997] Box 7 [06/08/1998-07/13/1998] [09/08/1998-01/10/1999] [01/26/1999-07/14/1999] [07/15/1999-07/16/1999] [09/17/1999-09/20/1999] [09/20/1999-04/10/2000] [04/14/2000-09/25/2000] [01/09/2001] [Brazil, Nuclear] [09/17/1997-09/24/1998] [Brazil, Nuclear, Peaceful Uses] [10/09/1997-07/30/1999] [08/02/1999-08/06/1999] [08/07/1999-10/13/1999] Exchange-Non-Record (Mar 97-Jan 01) [OA/ID 630000] [Brazil, Nonproliferation Treaty] [06/20/1997-10/30/1998] [01/20/1999-09/11/2000] [Brazil, Nuclear] [10/06/1997-09/23/1998] Box 8 Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cable, Email, and Records Management System NSC Records Management [Brazil, CTB, NPT, Nuclear] 9403996 [OA/ID 197] 9506064 [OA/ID 599] 9508504 [OA/ID 615] 9606694 [OA/ID 1124] 9703802 [OA/ID 1623] [Brazil, CTB, NPT, Nuclear] 9706462 [OA/ID 1642] 9706745 [OA/ID 1644] 9706756 [OA/ID 1644] Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cable, Email, and Records Management System (continued) NSC Records Management 9805842 [OA/ID 2055] 9806551 [OA/ID 2060] 9907043 [OA/ID 2751] 0005643 [OA/ID 4104] 0005923 [OA/ID 4106] Electronic Records Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files National Security Council Nonproliferation and Export Controls Tucker, Maureen Argentina/Brazil – U.S. Military Assistance Report [Electronic Records] [OA/ID 2604]