Expand All Collapse All Extent 631 folders, approximately 5,026 pages Summary This collection consists of records related to Haiti from 1993 through 2000 including immigration policy, diplomacy, the 1994 military intervention, and refugee issues. It contains correspondence to and from Congress, correspondence with activists and concerned citizens, memoranda, speeches, talking points, and administrative reports. Scope and Content Note The materials in FOIA 2013-0983-F are a selective body of documents responsive to the topic of the FOIA. Researchers should consult FOIA case 2006-0650-F for related materials. In December of 1990, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, a former Catholic priest, was elected to the presidency of Haiti in the country’s first ever democratic presidential election. He assumed the office on February 7, 1991, but was overthrown that September in a coup led by dissatisfied elements of the army. From October 1991 to September 1994, a military junta governed Haiti. This brutal military dictatorship was characterized by widespread and systematic human rights violations. It has been estimated by the UN that government and paramilitary forces killed upwards of 4,000 Haitians and forced hundreds of thousands more to flee into the neighboring Dominican Republic and to risk emigration on the high seas. During those violent years of 1991-1994, many thousands of Haitians crowded into unseaworthy boats in an attempt to seek asylum in the United States. Continuing the policy of his predecessor George H.W. Bush, the Clinton administration responded to this massive wave of immigration by interdicting the refugees on the high seas and repatriating them back to Haiti. This Haitian refugee policy went through many changes and legal maneuverings in U.S. courts and in response to a public relations campaign by human rights activists. Eventually more than 30,000 Haitians were detained in a legal limbo at the U.S. naval base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. In the fall of 1994, President Clinton ordered U.S. forces to prepare to launch a military intervention (Operation Uphold Democracy) to restore the democratically elected Aristide to power. President Clinton also dispatched a last minute diplomatic team of former President Jimmy Carter, General Colin Powell and Senator Sam Nunn (D-GA). This two-prong approach of diplomacy backed with the threat of military invasion was successful, and Haiti’s military leaders agreed to step down returning Aristide to office. Operation Uphold Democracy’s mission changed from a combat operation to a peace-keeping and nation-building operation until March of 1995 when U.S. forces were replaced by the United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH). A large contingent of U.S. troops (USFORHAITI) participated as peacekeepers in the UNMIH until 1996 under the command of Colonel Greg Pulley of the U.S. Army. U.N. forces under various mission names were in Haiti from 1995 through 2000. During the more than 6 years of U.S. military operations in Haiti, only one U.S. service member was killed by hostile fire. Records responsive to this FOIA include correspondence to and from Congress, correspondence with activists and concerned citizens, memoranda, speeches, talking points, and administrative reports. Record Type Textual System of Arrangement Records that are responsive to this FOIA request were found in these collection areas - Clinton Presidential Records: White House Office of Records Management (WHORM) Subject Files and Clinton Presidential Records: WHORM Subject Files-CF. The White House Office of Records Management (WHORM) contains a variety of series created to organize and track documents and correspondence. The WHORM Subject file was compiled by the White House Office of Records Management and is a series of categories designated by a letter/number combination. WHORM files are processed at the document level. FOIA 2013-0983-F includes WHORM records from this subject code: CO072 Haiti, Republic of Access Collection is open to all researchers. Access to Clinton Presidential Records is governed by the Presidential Records Act (PRA) (44 U.S.C. Chapter 22, as amended) and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) (5 U.S.C. 552, as amended) and therefore records may be restricted in whole or in part in accordance with legal exemptions Copyright Documents in this collection that were prepared by officials of the United States government as part of their official duties are in the public domain. Researchers are advised to consult the copyright law of the United States (17 U.S.C. Chapter 1) which governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Provenance Official records of William Jefferson Clinton’s presidency are housed at the Clinton Presidential Library and administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) under the provisions of the Presidential Records Act (PRA). Processed by Staff Archivist, 2015. Previously restricted materials are added as they are released. Last Modified Date 2016-03-22 Container List The following is a list of documents and folders processed in response to FOIA 2013-0983-F: Box 1 Clinton Presidential Records: WHORM: Subject File Category Case Number CO072 000009 CO072 000009SS CO072 000093SS CO072 000151 CO072 000259 CO072 000634 CO072 000675 CO072 000675SS CO072 000700 CO072 000700SS Clinton Presidential Records: WHORM: Subject File (continued) Category Case Number CO072 001203 CO072 001306 CO072 001306SS CO072 001742 CO072 001781SS CO072 002021 CO072 002261 CO072 003042 CO072 003312 CO072 003815CU CO072 004177SS CO072 004194 CO072 006212 CO072 006331 CO072 006390 CO072 007528 CO072 007606 CO072 007699 CO072 007996SS CO072 008020 CO072 008093 CO072 008273 CO072 008555SS CO072 008684SS CO072 009738 CO072 010235SS CO072 010739SS CO072 010872 CO072 014556SS CO072 015136 CO072 016696 CO072 016696SS CO072 018077SS CO072 020193 CO072 020378 CO072 020648SS CO072 022423CU CO072 022842 CO072 022848 CO072 022916CU CO072 023671 CO072 023853SS Box 2 CO072 024019SS CO072 024154 CO072 024688 Clinton Presidential Records: WHORM: Subject File (continued) Category Case Number CO072 024751 CO072 024932 CO072 025825SS [1] CO072 025825SS [2] CO072 025924 CO072 025933 CO072 027024 CO072 027629 CO072 027812 CO072 028434 CO072 029417SS CO072 029478SS CO072 030010SS CO072 031854SS CO072 033370 CO072 033882 CO072 034161 CO072 034891 CO072 036226 CO072 037363 CO072 038370 CO072 038822 CO072 039456SS CO072 039769 CO072 039935 CO072 039940 CO072 040433SS CO072 040703 CO072 040710 CO072 040727 CO072 040810 CO072 040821 CO072 040835 CO072 040836 CO072 040924 CO072 041262CU CO072 041455 CO072 041617 CO072 041622 CO072 041682 CO072 042071 CO072 042103 Box 3 CO072 042606 CO072 042832SS CO072 042911 Clinton Presidential Records: WHORM: Subject File (continued) Category Case Number CO072 043148SS CO072 043590 CO072 043600 CO072 043835SS CO072 043879 CO072 044200 CO072 044286SS CO072 044597 CO072 044701SS CO072 044702 CO072 044931SS CO072 045286 CO072 045296 CO072 045297 CO072 045588 CO072 045610 CO072 045613 CO072 046246SS CO072 046972SS CO072 047039SS CO072 047273 CO072 047345SS CO072 047357SS CO072 048140 CO072 048520 CO072 048983 CO072 049204 CO072 049225 CO072 049317 CO072 049617 CO072 049636 CO072 049700SS CO072 050017SS CO072 050426 CO072 051146SS CO072 051490 CO072 052502 CO072 052823 CO072 053577 CO072 054218 CO072 054257SS CO072 054260SS CO072 054261SS CO072 054456 CO072 054830SS Box 4 Clinton Presidential Records: WHORM: Subject File (continued) Category Case Number CO072 055015 CO072 055307SS CO072 056411 CO072 056417 CO072 056537 CO072 057156 CO072 057505 CO072 057589SS CO072 057822 CO072 058072 CO072 058157 CO072 058225 CO072 058898 CO072 059178 CO072 059467 CO072 060556 CO072 060606 CO072 061497 CO072 061865 CO072 062229 CO072 062301 CO072 062517 CO072 062710 CO072 062718 CO072 063081SS CO072 063216 CO072 063227 CO072 063230 CO072 063235 CO072 063236 CO072 063238 CO072 063244 CO072 063252 CO072 063317 CO072 063642SS CO072 063849 CO072 063877 CO072 063901 CO072 064126 CO072 064144 CO072 064193 CO072 064194 CO072 064195 CO072 064260 CO072 064334 CO072 064342 CO072 064379 Clinton Presidential Records: WHORM: Subject File (continued) Category Case Number CO072 064390 CO072 064807SS CO072 064841SS CO072 064861SS CO072 064893 CO072 065003SS CO072 065129 CO072 065130 CO072 065138 Box 5 CO072 065164 CO072 065178 CO072 065181 CO072 065182 CO072 065202SS CO072 065203SS CO072 065239 CO072 065267 CO072 065550 CO072 065597SS CO072 065625 CO072 065810SS CO072 065931 CO072 065980SS CO072 065985SS CO072 066004SS CO072 066274SS CO072 066336SS CO072 066349 CO072 066402 CO072 066460 CO072 066487SS CO072 066702 CO072 066793 CO072 067120SS CO072 067252SS CO072 067446 CO072 067471 CO072 067619 CO072 067695 CO072 068043SS CO072 068076SS CO072 068252 CO072 068292 CO072 068334SS CO072 068414 Clinton Presidential Records: WHORM: Subject File (continued) Category Case Number CO072 068431 CO072 068433 CO072 068435 CO072 068712SS CO072 069260 CO072 069773 CO072 069775 CO072 069785SS CO072 070693 CO072 070697 CO072 071260 CO072 071380SS CO072 071441 CO072 071442 Box 6 CO072 071461 CO072 071818 CO072 071870SS CO072 071897SS CO072 072001 CO072 072003 CO072 072005 CO072 072093 CO072 072107 CO072 072137 CO072 072141 CO072 072263 CO072 072408SS CO072 072616SS CO072 072618SS CO072 072619SS CO072 072625SS CO072 072626SS CO072 072627 CO072 072670 CO072 072692 CO072 072697 CO072 072713 CO072 072770 CO072 072779 CO072 072891 CO072 073181 CO072 073202SS CO072 073203SS CO072 073272 CO072 073276 Clinton Presidential Records: WHORM: Subject File (continued) Category Case Number CO072 073277 CO072 073285 CO072 073294 CO072 073498 CO072 073702 CO072 073807 CO072 073934 CO072 073943 CO072 073953 CO072 074066 CO072 074147SS CO072 074159SS CO072 074165SS CO072 074309 CO072 074381SS CO072 074600SS CO072 074606SS CO072 074658 CO072 074776SS CO072 074777SS CO072 074792SS CO072 074806 CO072 074908 CO072 074986 CO072 075342SS CO072 075346SS CO072 075456SS Box 7 CO072 075458SS CO072 075648 CO072 075832 CO072 076095 CO072 076139 CO072 076224 CO072 076463 CO072 076472SS CO072 076585 CO072 077248SS CO072 077251SS CO072 077479SS CO072 077750 CO072 077820 CO072 077834 CO072 077985SS CO072 077993 CO072 078101 Clinton Presidential Records: WHORM: Subject File (continued) Category Case Number CO072 078104 CO072 078208SS CO072 078243CU CO072 078306 CO072 078309 CO072 078313 CO072 078316 CO072 078318 CO072 078321 CO072 078324 CO072 078329 CO072 078599 CO072 078626 CO072 078628 CO072 078635SS CO072 078708 CO072 078714 CO072 078795 CO072 078802 CO072 078847 CO072 078852 CO072 078873 CO072 078879 CO072 078884 CO072 078887 CO072 078890 CO072 078893 CO072 078940 CO072 079119 CO072 079145 CO072 079196 CO072 079222 CO072 079226 CO072 079252 CO072 079254 CO072 079316 CO072 079317 CO072 079319 CO072 079323 CO072 079324 CO072 079325 CO072 079326 Box 8 CO072 079403 CO072 079415 CO072 079424 Clinton Presidential Records: WHORM: Subject File (continued) Category Case Number CO072 079428 CO072 079429 CO072 079432 CO072 079438SS CO072 079503 CO072 079630SS CO072 079772 CO072 079773 CO072 079778 CO072 079786 CO072 079789 CO072 079792 CO072 079793 CO072 079796 CO072 079807 CO072 079830 CO072 079833 CO072 079849 CO072 079854 CO072 079866 CO072 079867 CO072 079894 CO072 079898 CO072 079968 CO072 079970 CO072 079974 CO072 079974SS CO072 080021 CO072 080023 CO072 080025 CO072 080179SS CO072 080180 CO072 080189 CO072 080196 CO072 080208 CO072 080217 CO072 080230 CO072 080380 CO072 080381 CO072 080442 CO072 080487 CO072 080499 CO072 080519 CO072 080631 CO072 080641 CO072 080653 CO072 080698SS CO072 080797SS Clinton Presidential Records: WHORM: Subject File (continued) Category Case Number CO072 080801SS CO072 080870 CO072 080900 CO072 081070 CO072 081071 CO072 081163 CO072 081412 CO072 081589 CO072 081622SS CO072 081728SS CO072 081733SS CO072 081734SS CO072 081759 CO072 081767SS CO072 081822 CO072 081962SS CO072 082007 CO072 082015SS CO072 082020 Box 9 CO072 082028 CO072 082031 CO072 082080 CO072 082112 CO072 082135SS [1] CO072 082135SS [2] CO072 082135SS [3] CO072 082300 CO072 082391SS CO072 082401SS CO072 082457SS CO072 082627 CO072 082652SS CO072 082676 CO072 082684SS CO072 082878SS CO072 083250 CO072 083262 CO072 083276 CO072 083477 CO072 083477 [addresses] CO072 083598 CO072 083604 CO072 083631 CO072 083643SS CO072 083646SS Clinton Presidential Records: WHORM: Subject File (continued) Category Case Number CO072 083699 CO072 083726 CO072 083727 CO072 083778 CO072 083778SS CO072 083796 CO072 084092SS CO072 084385SS CO072 084463 CO072 084543 CO072 084625 CO072 084646 CO072 084760SS CO072 084799 CO072 084836SS CO072 084862SS CO072 084928 CO072 084981 CO072 085014SS CO072 085085SS CO072 085112 CO072 085263 CO072 085280SS CO072 085496SS CO072 085667 CO072 085807SS CO072 085897 CO072 086067 CO072 086224SS CO072 086257SS CO072 086678SS CO072 087316SS CO072 087519 CO072 087655SS Box 10 CO072 087771SS CO072 088151SS CO072 088916SS CO072 089080 CO072 089187 CO072 089323 CO072 089481 CO072 089487 CO072 090138 CO072 092304 CO072 092503SS Clinton Presidential Records: WHORM: Subject File (continued) Category Case Number CO072 093679 CO072 093739 CO072 093855SS CO072 094412 CO072 094756SS CO072 096030 CO072 096292SS CO072 096327 CO072 097447 CO072 099638 CO072 099988 CO072 100094SS CO072 100147SS CO072 100487SS CO072 101164SS CO072 101778 CO072 104233 CO072 104362SS CO072 104420 CO072 104616SS CO072 104839SS CO072 105373SS CO072 105417SS CO072 105746SS CO072 105903SS Box 11 CO072 106051SS CO072 108182SS CO072 109616 CO072 110086SS CO072 110842 CO072 112384SS CO072 113044 CO072 113345 CO072 113806SS CO072 115426 CO072 115547 CO072 116390 CO072 119287SS CO072 120741 CO072 121055 CO072 122735SS CO072 123285SS CO072 124247 CO072 124251 CO072 126774 Clinton Presidential Records: WHORM: Subject File (continued) Category Case Number CO072 129085SS CO072 129329SS CO072 129896 CO072 134067 CO072 136857 CO072 140986SS CO072 141341 CO072 144002 CO072 145321SS CO072 146056 CO072 149920SS CO072 151787SS CO072 152175 CO072 152651 CO072 152934 CO072 153227 CO072 153342 CO072 155457SS CO072 155572 CO072 157016 Box 12 CO072 158957 CO072 164933 CO072 165007SS CO072 165261SS CO072 172607SS CO072 176295SS CO072 182169 CO072 183610 CO072 185596 CO072 186922SS CO072 193241 CO072 193251 CO072 196266 CO072 201670 CO072 213256 CO072 213466SS CO072 219989 CO072 220128 CO072 221583SS CO072 224648 CO072 233229SS CO072 236325SS CO072 238772SS CO072 242788 CO072 246624SS Clinton Presidential Records: WHORM: Subject File (continued) Category Case Number CO072 247051SS CO072 247921SS CO072 249492 CO072 252428 CO072 258206 CO072 259337SS CO072 259884 CO072 261745 CO072 266352 CO072 271276SS CO072 272766 CO072 277324SS CO072 280322 CO072 282497SS CO072 294243SS CO072 295806 CO072 302015SS CO072 302015SS [letter] CO072 407994 CO072 412309 CO072 412465 CO072 417756 CO072 418548 CO072 430955 Box13 CO072 [00259-020648SS] CO072 [024932-068043SS] CO072 075468SS [1] CO072 075468SS [2] CO072 [076139-139209SS] CO072 [155457SS-302015SS]