Expand All Collapse All Extent 60 folders, approximately 2,407 pages Summary This collection consists of records related to the signing of the Memorandum of Security Assurances agreement with Kazakhstan at the Budapest summit of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) on December 5, 1994. The Security Assurances agreement was part of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and the Lisbon Protocol of the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty. The records open in this collection, dating from October to December 1994, include press releases, speech drafts, speech transcripts, previously released treaty agreements, and administrative paperwork related to document tracking and drafting. Scope and Content Note The materials in FOIA 2014-0846-F are a selective body of documents responsive to the topic of the FOIA. Researchers should consult the archivist about related materials. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request 2014-0846-F was for all records related to the signing of the Memorandum of Security Assurances agreement with Kazakhstan at the Budapest summit of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) on December 5, 1994. This collection includes the staff and office files of the National Security Council (NSC) and responsive records from the Cable, Email and Records Management System of the NSC. The United States signed the agreement with Kazakhstan during the CSCE summit, December 5, 1994 and the materials in the collection date primarily from October to December 1994. The Security Assurances agreement was signed by the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Russian Federation with agreements for both Kazakhstan and Belarus. It was part of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and the Lisbon Protocol of the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty. As such, the majority of records relate to foreign policy and treaty negotiations. A significant portion of the records are closed for those reasons. The records open in the collection include press releases, speech drafts, speech transcripts, previously released treaty agreements, and administrative paperwork related to document tracking and drafting. As early as 1954 the Soviet Union suggested that the east and west find a way to ease the tensions of the Cold War. However, as the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe notes in its history of the CSCE: “Moscow primarily wanted this to serve as a post-World War II peace treaty confirming both border changes and the communist hold on the countries of East-Central Europe. The Soviets originally also wanted to use an all-European conference to drive a wedge between the United States and its West European allies and to thwart efforts to bring Germany into the NATO alliance.” Little action was taken on this until the administrations of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford sought a détente with the East. The United States and its European allies saw opportunity in the 1970s to ease tensions with the Soviet Union. Primarily the West saw an opportunity to reduce conventional military forces in Europe (where the Soviet Union was numerically superior) and to address human rights issues. Talks began in 1973 and continued for the next two years. The acceptance of the Helsinki Final Act in August 1975—signed for the United States by President Gerald Ford—formally established the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE). The Budapest meetings in 1994 were to focus on a wide range of issues. Warren Christopher noted in public speeches in early December that expansion of NATO and reorganization of European security architecture were high on the United States’ priorities. The United States wanted also to continue discussions on Partnership for Peace (PFP), Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE), Code of Conduct for politico-military affairs, Open Skies Treaty, and the expansion of the role of CSCE. There were also pressing human rights and peace issues related to Bosnia and Nagorno-Karabakh. It was a summit with an ambitious agenda and the accession of Ukraine to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and the signing of Security Assurances for Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Belarus were added as each of these countries would be present for the summit. In May 1992, Kazakhstan signed the Lisbon Protocol to the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, or START I as it is now commonly known. Under the Lisbon Protocol Kazakhstan was to enact the requirements of the START treaty as soon as possible including acceding to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons—also known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT. Kazakhstan acceded to the NPT on December 13, 1993. When it became apparent that Ukraine would accede to the NPT at the Budapest summit it was also decided that the United States, the Russian Federation, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland would sign for Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Belarus Memorandum of Security Assurances. This exchange of this last document formally entered Kazakhstan into the START treaty. On April 24, 1995 Kazakhstan returned the last of the strategic nuclear weapons they held to Russia, five years ahead of the date agreed to under the Lisbon Protocol. Record Type Textual System of Arrangement Records that were responsive to this request were found in these collection areas—Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files, Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cable, Email, and Records Management System. Access Collection is open to all researchers. Access to Clinton Presidential Records is governed by the Presidential Records Act (PRA) (44 U.S.C. Chapter 22) and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) (5 U.S.C. 552, as amended) and therefore records may be restricted in whole or in part in accordance with legal exemptions. Copyright Documents in this collection that were prepared by officials of the United States government as part of their official duties are in the public domain. Researchers are advised to consult the copyright law of the United States (Chapter 17 U.S.C.) which governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material Provenance Official records of William Jefferson Clinton’s presidency are housed at the Clinton Presidential Library and administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) under the provisions of the Presidential Records Act (PRA). Processed by Staff Archivist, March 2015. Previously restricted materials are added as they are released Last Modified Date 2015-12-08 Container List The following is a list of documents and folders processed in response to 2014-0846-F: Box 1 Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files National Security Council Defense Policy and Arms Control Witkowsky, Anne CSCE [Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe] Budapest Summit, Forum for Cooperation [Binder] [1] [OA/ID 2427] CSCE [Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe] Budapest Summit, Forum for Cooperation [Binder] [2] [OA/ID 2427] OSCE [Organization for Security Cooperation in Europe] [1] [OA/ID 734] OSCE [Organization for Security Cooperation in Europe] [2] [OA/ID 734] OSCE [Organization for Security Cooperation in Europe] [3] [OA/ID 734] OSCE [Organization for Security Cooperation in Europe] [4] [OA/ID 734] OSCE [Organization for Security Cooperation in Europe] [5] [OA/ID 734] OSCE [Organization for Security Cooperation in Europe] [6] [OA/ID 734] OSCE [Organization for Security Cooperation in Europe] [7] [OA/ID 734] European Affairs Schmidt, John President Clinton’s Trip to Budapest, December 5, 1994 [1] [OA/ID 701] President Clinton’s Trip to Budapest, December 5, 1994 [2] [OA/ID 701] Executive Secretary CSCE [Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe] 1994 [OA/ID 1675] Itoh, William CSCE [Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe] December 1994 [1] [OA/ID 825] Box 2 CSCE [Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe] December 1994 [2] [OA/ID 825] CSCE [Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe] December 1994 [3] [OA/ID 825] CSCE [Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe] December 1994 [4] [OA/ID 825] CSCE [Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe] December 1994 [5] [OA/ID 825] Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files (continued) National Security Council Office of Press and Communications Crowley, Philip J. The President’s Trip to Budapest, Hungary, December 5-6, 1994: Pool Reports [OA/ID 3469] The President’s Trip to Budapest, Hungary, December 5-6, 1994: Post-Trip [Empty] [OA/ID 3469] The President’s Trip to Budapest, Hungary, December 5-6, 1994: Press Briefings [OA/ID 3469] The President’s Trip to Budapest, Hungary, December 5-6, 1994: Press Conferences [Empty] [OA/ID 3469] The President’s Trip to Budapest, Hungary, December 5-6, 1994: Press Interviews [Empty] [OA/ID 3469] The President’s Trip to Budapest, Hungary, December 5-6, 1994: Press Releases [OA/ID 3469] The President’s Trip to Budapest, Hungary, December 5-6, 1994: Official Delegation [Empty] [OA/ID 3469] The President’s Trip to Budapest, Hungary, December 5-6, 1994: Pre-Trip [OA/ID 3469] The President’s Trip to Budapest, Hungary, December 5-6, 1994: Schedules [OA/ID 3469] Records Management POTUS Briefing Books – The President’s Trip to Budapest; December 5, 1994 [Binder] [OA/ID 811] POTUS Briefing Books – The President’s Trip to Budapest; December 5, 1994 [Binder]: [Front Interior Pocket] [OA/ID 811] POTUS Briefing Books – The President’s Trip to Budapest; December 5, 1994 [Binder]: [Rear Interior Pocket] [OA/ID 811] Briefing Books – President Clinton’s Trip to Budapest; December 5, 1994 [Binder] [OA/ID 816] Box 3 DC 0145 DC Meeting Regarding Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe/CSCE/Summit in Budapest, 5 December 1994 [OA/ID 3999] Speechwriting Benjamin, Daniel Non-Proliferation Treaty/Budapest [OA/ID 1858] Staff Director Soderburg, Nancy CSCE [Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe] [Summit] 1994 [1] [OA/ID 1403] CSCE [Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe] [Summit] 1994 [2] [OA/ID 1403] CSCE [Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe] [OA/ID 1416] Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cable, Email, and Records Management System NSC Cables Jan 1993-Dec 1994 [OA/ID 505000] [Budapest, CSCE, Kazakhstan, Summit] [11/01/1994-11/26/1994] [11/26/1994-12/15/1994] [Kazakhstan and Nuclear] [12/06/1994] NSC Email MSMail-Record (Sept 94-Sept 97) [OA/ID 590000] [Budapest, CSCE, Kazakhstan, Summit] [11/01/1994] [11/05/1994] [11/12/1994-11/27/1994] [11/27/1994-11/30/1994] [12/01/1994-12/10/1994] [CSCE and DC] [11/15/1994-11/17/1994] MSMail-Non-Record (Sept 94-Sept 97) [OA/ID 605000] [Budapest, CSCE, Kazakhstan, Summit] [11/01/1994] [11/04/1994] Box 4 [11/21/1994-11/29/1994] [11/30/1994-12/23/1994] [CSCE and DC] [11/14/1994-11/17/1994] NSC Records Management System [Budapest, CSCE, Kazakhstan] 9408894 [OA/ID 482] 9409114 [OA/ID 221] 9409185 [OA/ID 222] 9409189 [OA/ID 482] 9409292 [OA/ID 222] 9409384 [OA/ID 223] 9409390 [OA/ID 483] 9409392 [OA/ID 483] 9409462 [OA/ID 223] 9410078 [OA/ID 484] 9500163 [OA/ID 559]