Expand All Collapse All Extent 105 folders, approximately 5,855 pages Summary This collection consists of National Security Council records concerning the nation of Zimbabwe from 1995 to 1997. Throughout the Clinton Administration, Zimbabwe enjoyed a working relationship with the United States which included many high level visits as well as 1997’s African – African American Summit. In addition, Zimbabwe received a great deal of American Aid during the mid-1990s in response to a number of crises. The records in this collection include correspondence, memoranda, briefing materials, cables, and emails. Scope and Content Note The materials in FOIA 2006-0457-F are a selective body of documents responsive to the topic of the FOIA. Researchers should consult the archivist about related materials. This FOIA contains National Security Council records concerning the nation of Zimbabwe from 1995 to 1997. During this period, Susan Rice was the Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for African Affairs. Throughout the 1990s, Zimbabwe enjoyed a working relationship with the United States. In 1995, Zimbabwean President Robert Gabriel Mugabe visited President Clinton in the White House. In March 1997, First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton made a six-country tour of sub-saharan Africa, which included Zimbabwe. While there, she met with employees at the American Embassy in Harare, held a roundtable discussion with Zimbabwean women leaders, visited the Kuwadzana Municipal Polyclinic and the Zambuko Trust Microfinance Program, and traveled to Victoria Falls. That year, the United States and Zimbabwe also signed the first extradition treaty between the two nations. Also in 1997, African American preacher Reverend Leon Sullivan convened the African – African American Summit in Zimbawe’s capital city of Harare to bring political and economic leaders together in a conversation about Africa’s development. Transportation Secretary Rodney Slater and Reverend Jesse Jackson led a large American delegation to the summit. In June of that year, the World Solar Commission, headed by President Mugabe, approved the World Solar Programme. The Programme emphasized the use of solar power in developing nations. In December 1997, Congressman Charles Rangel led a Presidential Mission to Africa which included Zimbabwe. Despite a productive relationship with the United States, Zimbabwe experienced challenges during the mid-1990s and received a great deal of American aid. The El Niño climate event caused a severe drought throughout much of sub-saharan Africa. The spread of the HIV virus continued have a negative impact on Zimbabwe’s population. In the meantime, budgetary and economic issues continued to cause problems. In November 1997, compensation paid to war veterans created a large deficit, resulting in the near collapse of Zimbabwe’s economy. A national strike a month later signaled continuation of a prolonged economic crisis for the nation. In the National Security Council’s records, responsive documents are located in the files of Erica BarksRuggles, Susan Rice, Dennis Jett, James Steinberg, MacArthur DeShazer, Shawn McCormick and Ernest Wilson in the African Affairs directorate. These include the briefing book for the First Lady’s March 1997 trip to Sub-Saharan Africa, records regarding President Mugabe’s White House visit in 1995, and correspondence, memos, and reports concerning matters related to Zimbabwe from 1995 through 1997. Relevant records in Speechwriter Robert Boorstin’s files are located with FOIA request 2006-0460-F. Responsive material is also located in the NSC Cables, Emails, and Records Management System. The released NSC Cables primarily consist of information for United States business regarding investment in and trade with Zimbabwe. The NSC Emails contain discussions of Zimbabwe-related topics between National Security Council staffers. These discussions include draft memos, press releases, reports, and draft correspondence. The NSC Records Management System numbered documents include memos and correspondence pertaining to Clinton Administration activities concerning Zimbabwe. Record Type Textual System of Arrangement Records that are responsive to this FOIA request are found in these collection areas – Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files; Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cables, Emails, and Records Management System. White House Staff and Office files were maintained at the folder level by staff members within their individual offices and document all levels of administrative activity. Staff and Office Files are processed at the folder level, that is, individual documents are not selected and removed for processing. While this method maintains folder integrity, it frequently results in the incidental processing of documents that are not wholly responsive to the subject area. Access Collection is open to all researchers. Access to Clinton Presidential Records is governed by the Presidential Records Act (PRA) (44 USC 2201) and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) (5 USC 552, as amended) and therefore may be restricted in whole or in part in accordance with legal exemptions. Copyright Documents in this collection that were prepared by officials of the United States government as part of their official duties are in the public domain. Researchers are advised to consult the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, USC 101) which governs the making of photocopies and other reproductions of copyrighted material. Provenance Official records of William Jefferson Clinton’s presidency are housed at the Clinton Presidential Library and administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) under the provisions of the Presidential Records Act (PRA). Processed by Staff Archivist, 2011-2012. Previously restricted materials are added as they are released. Last Modified Date 2013-01-02 Container List The following is a list of documents and folders processed in response to 2006-0457-F: Box 1 Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files National Security Council African Affairs Barks Ruggles, Erica/Rice, Susan Briefing Book: FLOTUS [First Lady of the United States] Trip to South Africa, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Uganda, Eritrea [1] [OA/ID 2580] Briefing Book: FLOTUS [First Lady of the United States] Trip to South Africa, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Uganda, Eritrea [2] [OA/ID 2580] Briefing Book: FLOTUS [First Lady of the United States] Trip to South Africa, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Uganda, Eritrea [3] [OA/ID 2580] Briefing Book: FLOTUS [First Lady of the United States] Trip to South Africa, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Uganda, Eritrea [4] [OA/ID 2580] Briefing Book: FLOTUS [First Lady of the United States] Trip to South Africa, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Uganda, Eritrea [5] [OA/ID 2580] Briefing Book: FLOTUS [First Lady of the United States] Trip to South Africa, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Uganda, Eritrea [6] [OA/ID 2580] Briefing Book: FLOTUS [First Lady of the United States] Trip to South Africa, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Uganda, Eritrea [7] [OA/ID 2580] Briefing Book: FLOTUS [First Lady of the United States] Trip to South Africa, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Uganda, Eritrea [8] [OA/ID 2580] Briefing Book: FLOTUS [First Lady of the United States] Trip to South Africa, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Uganda, Eritrea [9] [OA/ID 2580] Jett, Dennis/Steinberg, James/DeShazer, MacArthur/Rice, Susan, et al. Official Working Visit of President Mugabe of Zimbabwe, May 18, 1995 [OA/ID 2663] Box 2 Steinberg, James/Rice, Susan/DeShazer, MacArthur/McCormick, Shawn Zimbabwe 1995 [OA/ID 872] Wilson, Ernest J. Zimbabwe 1997 [1] [OA/ID 1438] Zimbabwe 1997 [2] [OA/ID 1438] Speechwriting Boorstin, Robert Zimbabwe – Background [OA/ID 415] Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cables, Emails, and Records Management System NSC Cables Jan 1995 – Dec 1996 [Zimb *] [01/04/1995 – 01/31/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [02/01/1995 – 02/15/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [03/02/1995 – 03/30/1995] [OA/ID 510000] Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cables, Emails, and Records Management System (continued) NSC Cables Jan 1995 – Dec 1996 [Zimb*] [04/03/1995 – 05/26/1995] [OA/ID 510000] Box 3 [06/02/1995 – 06/29/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [07/03/1995 – 07/28/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [08/02/1995 – 08/31/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [09/01/1995 – 09/29/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [10/03/1995 – 10/18/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [10/19/1995 – 10/31/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [11/01/1995 – 12/22/1995] [OA/ID 510000] [03/01/1996 – 03/26/1996] [OA/ID 510000] [04/02/1996 – 05/31/1996] [OA/ID 510000] [06/03/1996 – 06/28/1996] [OA/ID 510000] Box 4 [07/02/1996 – 08/29/1996] [OA/ID 510000] [09/04/1996 – 09/30/1996] [OA/ID 510000] [10/02/1996 – 10/30/1996] [OA/ID 510000] [11/04/1996 – 12/31/1996] [OA/ID 510000] Jan 1997 – Dec 1998 [Zimb*] [01/02/1997 – 02/25/1997] [OA/ID 520000] [03/03/1997 – 03/29/1997] [OA/ID 520000] [04/01/1997 – 04/30/1997] [OA/ID 520000] [05/02/1997 – 05/30/1997] [OA/ID 520000] [06/04/1997 – 06/30/1997] [OA/ID 520000] Box 5 [07/01/1997 – 07/31/1997] [OA/ID 520000] [08/07/1997 – 09/30/1997] [OA/ID 520000] [10/01/1997 – 10/31/1997] [OA/ID 520000] [11/03/1997 – 11/26/1997] [OA/ID 520000] [12/02/1997 – 12/31/1997] [OA/ID 520000] NSC Emails MSMail – Record (Sept 94 – Sept 97) [Zimb*] [01/07/1995 – 04/24/1995] [OA/ID 590000] [05/02/1995 – 05/22/1995] [OA/ID 590000] [06/03/1995 – 11/22/1995] [OA/ID 590000] [02/16/1996 – 03/30/1996] [OA/ID 590000] Box 6 [04/02/1996 – 07/19/1996] [OA/ID 590000] [08/05/1996 – 12/17/1996] [OA/ID 590000] [01/09/1997 – 04/25/1997] [OA/ID 590000] Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cables, Emails, and Records Management System (continued) NSC Emails MSMail – Non-Record (Sept 94 – Sept 97) [Zimb*] [01/31/1995 – 11/07/1995] [OA/ID 605000] [02/15/1996 – 02/28/1997] [OA/ID 605000] [03/06/1997 – 04/25/1997] [OA/ID 605000] Exchange – Record (Sept 97 – Jan 01) [Zimb*] [09/02/1997 – 09/11/1997] [OA/ID 620000] [09/12/1997] [OA/ID 620000] Box 7 [09/15/1997 – 09/16/1997] [OA/ID 620000] [09/17/1997 – 09/29/1997] [OA/ID 620000] [10/28/1997 – 11/28/1997] [OA/ID 620000] [12/02/1997 – 12/05/1997] [OA/ID 620000] [12/08/1997 – 12/11/1997] [OA/ID 620000] [12/23/1997 – 12/29/1997] [OA/ID 620000] Exchange – Non-Record (Mar 97 – Jan 01) [Zimb*] [05/30/1997 – 07/31/1997] [OA/ID 630000] [08/01/1997 – 09/04/1997] [OA/ID 630000] [09/08/1997 – 09/25/1997] [OA/ID 630000] Box 8 [10/01/1997 – 11/25/1997] [OA/ID 630000] [12/01/1997 – 12/02/1997] [OA/ID 630000] [12/03/1997 – 12/23/1997] [OA/ID 630000] NSC Records Management [Zimb*] 9500601 [OA/ID 562] 9501287 [OA/ID 566] 9503666 [OA/ID 582] 9503679 [OA/ID 582] 9503719 [OA/ID 582] 9503867 [OA/ID 583] 9504796 [OA/ID 590] 9505122 [OA/ID 592] 9505540 [OA/ID 595] 9506740 [OA/ID 603] 9601779 [OA/ID 1091] 9602177 [OA/ID 1093] 9603871 [OA/ID 1105] 9606183 [OA/ID 1121] 9606311 [OA/ID 1121] 9606447 [OA/ID 1122] Box 9 Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cables, Emails, and Records Management System (continued) NSC Records Management [Zimb*] 9701574 [1] [OA/ID 1606] 9701574 [2] [OA/ID 1606] 9101664 [OA/ID 1607] 9701780 [OA/ID 1607] 9702644 [OA/ID 1614] 9703670 [OA/ID 1622] 9704211 [OA/ID 1626] 9704764 [OA/ID 1630] 9704796 [OA/ID 1630] 9704802 [OA/ID 1630] 9704827 [OA/ID 1630] 9704944 [OA/ID 1631] 9705048 [OA/ID 1632] 9705273 [OA/ID 1634] 9705874 [OA/ID 1638] 9706120 [OA/ID 1640] 9706188 [OA/ID 1640] 9707279 [OA/ID 1648] 9707498 [OA/ID 1651] 9707679 [OA/ID 1653] 9707753 [OA/ID 1654] 9708075 [OA/ID 1656] 9720207 [OA/ID 1286]