Expand All Collapse All Extent 59 folders, approximately 5,250 pages Summary This collection consists of materials related to the country of Sudan in the first half of 1996. The United States had designated Sudan a state sponsor of terrorism. The closing of the Embassy in Khartoum, United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1044 and 1054, and calls for expulsion of terrorist financier and al-Qa’ida founder Osama Bin Laden characterized the United States’ interaction with the Sudanese government during this time period. The records in this collection include memoranda, reports, cables, talking points, and press materials concerning United States-Sudan relations. Scope and Content Note The materials in FOIA 2006-1171-F are a selective body of documents responsive to the topic of the FOIA. Researchers should consult the archivist about related materials. This FOIA contains material regarding the country of Sudan between January 1, 1996 and June 1, 1996. The United States had designated the Sudan as a state sponsor of terrorism in 1993. On February 6, 1996, due to increased safety concerns, the United States government suspended operations at the American Embassy in Khartoum and evacuated American citizens, including Ambassador Timothy Carney. Throughout the spring, the United States and the international community continued to exert pressure on Sudan to cease support for terrorist organizations. On January 31, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) issued Resolution 1044. The resolution condemned the 1995 assassination attempt on Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and called for the extradition of the suspects, who were believed to be sheltering in Sudan. Following Sudanese failure to comply with the extradition requests, the UNSC imposed sanctions through Resolution 1054. In the meantime, the United States also pressured Sudan to expel terrorist financier and Al-Qaeda founder Usama bin Laden, who was residing in Khartoum. On May 18, 1996, Bin Laden moved to Afghanistan. However, Sudan’s continued failure to extradite the Mubarak assassination suspects led to sanctions in UNSCR 1070 on August 16, 1996. The Security Council did not lift the sanctions against Sudan until 2001, in Resolution 1372. Many of the documents responsive to this FOIA are located in the National Security Council Staff and Office files. In the African Affairs office, the files of MacArthur DeShazer, Shawn McCormick, Susan Rice, and Erica Barks-Ruggles contain memos, cables, reports, talking points, congressional correspondence, publications, and press releases regarding many of the issues related to U.S.-Sudan relations. These include the development and implementation of UN Security Council sanctions, the Mubarak assassination attempt, the ongoing civil war, and the humanitarian crisis. These files also contain many documents illustrating the Sudanese points of view on these matters. The files of staffers in the Intelligence Programs, International Economic Affairs, Legal Advisor and Transnational Threats directorates all contain responsive material. However, the majority of these records are closed for national security reasons. For relevant records in the Press Office’s James Fallin and David Stockwell’s files, see FOIA request 2006-0228-F. Deputy Assistant to the President Nancy Soderberg’s files contain documents regarding National Security Council meetings on Sudan and the issues affecting U.S.-Sudan policy in 1996, including the UNSC Resolutions. The NSC Cables also contain responsive records. These include cables regarding international media reaction to events concerning the Sudan, 1995 human rights reports, the Security Council resolutions, and press guidance. The responsive NSC Emails consist of press guidance and fact sheets on United States policy on Sudan. It should be noted that many of the NSC Cables and Emails have been withheld due to national security reasons. Record Type Textual System of Arrangement Records that are responsive to this FOIA request were found in these collection areas – Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files, and Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cable, Email, and Records Management Systems. Staff and Office files were maintained at the folder level by staff members within their individual offices and document all levels of administration activity. Staff and Office files are processed at the folder level, that is, individual documents are not selected and removed from a folder for processing. While this method maintains folder integrity, it frequently results in the incidental processing of documents that are not wholly responsive to the subject area. Access Collection is open to all researchers. Access to Clinton Presidential Records is governed by the Presidential Records Act (PRA) (44 USC 2201) and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) (5 USC 552, as amended) and therefore records may be restricted in whole on in part in accordance with legal exemptions. Copyright Documents in this collection that were prepared by officials of the United States government as part of their official duties are in the public domain. Researchers are advised to consult the copyright law of the United States (17 USC, 101) which governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Provenance Official records of William Jefferson Clinton’s presidency are housed at the Clinton Presidential Library and administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) under the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act (PRA). Processed by Staff Archivist, 2011. Previously restricted materials are added as they are released. Last Modified Date 2014-07-16 Container List The following is a list of documents and folders processed in response to FOIA 2006-1171-F: Box 1 Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files National Security Council African Affairs DeShazer, MacArthur/McCormick, Shawn/Rice, Susan/Barks-Ruggles, Erica Sudan, December 1995 – January 1996 [1] [OA/ID 2356] Sudan, December 1995 – January 1996 [2] [OA/ID 2356] Sudan, December 1995 – January 1996 [3] [OA/ID 2356] Sudan, December 1995 – January 1996 [4] [OA/ID 2356] Sudan, February – March 1996 [1] [OA/ID 2356] Sudan, February – March 1996 [2] [OA/ID 2356] Sudan, February – March 1996 [3] [OA/ID 2356] Sudan, February – March 1996 [4] [OA/ID 2356] Box 2 Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files (continued) National Security Council African Affairs DeShazer, MacArthur/McCormick, Shawn/Rice, Susan/Barks-Ruggles, Erica Sudan, February – March 1996 [5] [OA/ID 2356] Sudan, April – December 1996 [1] [OA/ID 2356] Sudan, April – December 1996 [2] [OA/ID 2356] Sudan, April – December 1996 [3] [OA/ID 2356] Sudan, April – December 1996 [4] [OA/ID 2356] Sudan, April – December 1996 [5] [OA/ID 2356] Box 3 Sudan, April – December 1996 [6] [OA/ID 2356] Sudan, April – December 1996 [7] [OA/ID 2356] Intelligence Programs Beers, Rand PC Meeting – Sudan, January 1996 [empty] [OA/ID 2644] DC on Sudan w/Background & Draft Papers (February 1996) [empty] [OA/ID 2644] DC/PC Meeting – Sudan, 1996 [OA/ID 2644] McCarthy, Mary/Beers, Rand Sudan [1] [OA/ID 2917] Sudan [2] [OA/ID 2917] Mitchell, Don Sudan 96 – 97 [1] [OA/ID 3030] Sudan 96 – 97 [2] [OA/ID 3030] International Economic Affairs Walsh, Helen Sudan, 1996 [OA/ID 788] Legal Advisor Baker, James [Closed Folder Title] [OA/ID 3277] Press Fallin, James/Stockwell, David Usama Bin Laden (Sudan) [OA/ID 3109] Staff Director Soderberg, Nancy [Soderberg’s Notes from Sudan DC Meeting, 2/22/96] [OA/ID 1394] Sudan – Working File, 1996 [OA/ID 1408] Box 4 Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files (continued) National Security Council Transnational Threats Clarke, Richard Counterterrorism – Sudan, 1993 & 1996 [1] [OA/ID 3546] Counterterrorism – Sudan, 1993 & 1996 [2] [OA/ID 3546] Counterterrorism – Sudan, 1993 & 1996 [3] [OA/ID 3546] Terrorism – Sudan, 1996 [OA/ID 3549] Simon, Steven Sudan [OA/ID 2243] Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cable, Email and Records Management System NSC Cables Jan 1995 – Dec 1996 [Sudan...] [03/01/1996 – 03/04/1996] [OA/ID 510000] [03/05/1996 – 03/06/1996] [OA/ID 510000] [03/07/1996 – 03/12/1996] [OA/ID 510000] Box 5 [03/13/1996 – 03/16/1996] [OA/ID 510000] [03/17/1996 – 03/21/1996] [OA/ID 510000] [03/22/1996 – 03/25/1996] [OA/ID 510000] [03/26/1996 – 03/28/1996] [OA/ID 510000] [03/29/1996 – 03/30/1996] [OA/ID 510000] [04/01/1996] [OA/ID 510000] [04/02/1996 – 04/03/1996] [OA/ID 510000] [04/04/1996 – 04/06/1996] [OA/ID 510000] Box 6 [04/08/1996 – 04/10/1996] [OA/ID 510000] [04/11/1996 – 04/16/1996] [OA/ID 510000] [04/18/1996 – 04/24/1996] [OA/ID 510000] [04/25/1996 – 04/27/1996] [OA/ID 510000] [05/01/1996 – 05/06/1996] [OA/ID 510000] [05/07/1996 – 05/15/1996] [OA/ID 510000] [05/16/1996 – 05/22/1996] [OA/ID 510000] [05/23/1996 – 05/31/1996] [OA/ID 510000] Box 7 NSC Emails MSMail – Record (Sept 94 – Sept 97) [Sudan…] [01/02/1996 – 01/11/1996] [OA/ID 590000] [01/19/1996 – 01/25/1996] [OA/ID 590000] [02/01/1996 – 02/05/1996] [OA/ID 590000] [02/06/1996 – 02/29/1996] [OA/ID 590000] [03/01/1996 – 03/26/1996] [OA/ID 590000] [04/05/1996 – 05/28/1996] [OA/ID 590000] Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cables, Email, and Records Management System (continued) NSC Emails MSMail – Non-Record (Sept 94 – Sept 97) [Sudan…] [01/04/1996 – 04/26/1996] [OA/ID 605000]