(2006-0650-F) U.S. Intervention in Haiti, 1994

135 folders, 11,088 pages

In 1991, a Haitian military regime overthrew the elected President, Jean-Bertrand Arisitide. The US military intended to forcibly remove this regime in 1994 via Operation Uphold Democracy. As US armed forces prepared to engage in this Operation in September 1994, a diplomatic mission led by President Carter convinced the Haitian military regime to allow President Aristide to return to power. The diplomatic mission consisted of President Carter, Senator Sam Nunn, and General Colin Powell. Operation Uphold Democracy then switched missions from a combat to a peace-keeping and nation-building mission. The new mission of Operation Uphold Democracy lasted from September 19, 1994 to March 31, 1995. The Operation consisted of U.S. troops and the UN organized Multinational Force (MNF). This collection consists of bulletins, cables, correspondence, email, memoranda, news clippings, press releases, reports, and talking points related to the 1994 U.S. intervention in Haiti associated with Operation Uphold Democracy.

The materials in FOIA 2006-0650-F are a selective body of documents responsive to the topic of the FOIA. Researchers should consult the archivist about related materials. FOIA request 2006-0650-F consists of bulletins, cables, correspondence, email, memoranda, news clippings, press releases, reports, and talking points related to the 1994 U.S. intervention in Haiti associated with Operation Uphold Democracy. In 1991, a Haitian military regime overthrew the elected President, Jean-Bertrand Arisitide. The US military intended to forcibly remove this regime in 1994 via Operation Uphold Democracy. As US armed forces prepared to engage in this Operation in September 1994, a diplomatic mission led by President Carter convinced the Haitian military regime to allow President Aristide to return to power. The diplomatic mission consisted of President Carter, Senator Sam Nunn, and General Colin Powell. Operation Uphold Democracy then switched missions from a combat to a peace-keeping and nation building mission. The new mission of Operation Uphold Democracy lasted from September 19, 1994 to March 31, 1995. The Operation consisted of U.S. troops and the UN organized Multinational Force (MNF).

Textual

Records that are responsive to this FOIA request were found in these collection areas— Clinton Presidential Records: White House Office of Records Management (WHORM) Subject Files, Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files, Clinton Presidential Records: ARMS Emails, and Clinton Presidential Records: TRP Emails. The White House Office of Records Management (WHORM) contains a variety of series created to organize and track documents and correspondence. The WHORM Subject file was compiled by the White House Office of Records Management and is a series of categories designated by a letter/number combination. Staff and Office files were maintained at the folder level by staff members within their individual offices and document all levels of administration activity. WHORM files are processed at the document level; whereas, Staff and Office files are processed at the folder level, that is, individual documents are not selected and removed from a folder for processing. While this method maintains folder integrity, it frequently results in the incidental processing of documents that are not wholly responsive to the subject area. The Automated Records Management System (ARMS) is a database that contains email records of the Executive Office of the President. This system maintained unclassified Presidential Records email. The ARMS dataset is comprised of 6 sub-series of email records called “Buckets.” The buckets include NPR, OPD, POTUS, WHO, CEA, and Default. ARMS emails are arranged chronologically by creation date. The Tape Restoration Project (TRP) is a database consisting of restored emails from the Automated Records Management System from July 1994 through June of 2000. The TRP is a database that contains email records of the Executive Office of the President. This system maintained unclassified Presidential record email. The TRP dataset is comprised of 6 sub-series of email records called “Buckets.” The buckets include NPR, OPD, POTUS, WHO, CEA, and Default. ARMS emails are arranged chronologically by creation date. FOIA 2006-0650-F includes WHORM records from these subject codes: CO072 Haiti, Republic of FG006-01 White House Office.

Collection is open to all researchers. Access to Clinton Presidential Records is governed by the Presidential Records Act (PRA) (44 USC 2201) and by the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) (5 USC 552, as amended) and therefore records may be restricted in whole or in part in accordance with legal exemptions.

Official records of William Jefferson Clinton’s presidency are housed at the Clinton Presidential Library and administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) under the provisions of the Presidential Records Act (PRA).

Haiti
Haitian
American Intervention in Haiti (Haiti : 1994-1995)

Staff Archivist, 2011. Previously restricted materials are added as they are released.

The following is a list of documents and folders processed in response to FOIA 2006-0650-F:
Box 1
Clinton Presidential Records: WHORM: Subject File
Category Case Number
CO072 063235
CO072 064126
CO072 065129
CO072 072263
CO072 073276
CO072 075832
Clinton Presidential Records: WHORM: Subject File (continued)
Category Case Number
CO072 077834
CO072 082457SS
CO072 082627
FG006-01 101533 [Folder #6]
FG006-01 101533 [Folder #8]
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Chief of Staff
Shin, Clara
Haitians [OA/ID 23698]
Clerk’s Office
S.J. Res. 229 Regarding US Policy Toward Haiti [OA/ID 15570]
S.J. Res. 229 US Policy Toward Haiti 1994/10/29 [OA/ID 15570]
Counsel’s Office
Haiti (1993-1996) [1] [OA/ID 12204]
Haiti (1993-1996) [2] [OA/ID 12204]
Haiti (1993-1996) [3] [OA/ID 12204]
Haiti (1993-1996) [4] [OA/ID 12204]
Lindsey, Bruce
Haiti [OA/ID 24799]
Box 2
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Domestic Policy Council
Bueno, Irene
Haitians [OA/ID 25023]
Legislative Affairs
Miller, Lorraine
For. [Foreign] Affs. [Affairs] – Haiti [OA/ID 4571]
[National Coalition for Haitian Refugees] [OA/ID 4571]
Ricchetti, Steve
For. Affs. – Haiti [1] [OA/ID 11572]
For. Affs. – Haiti [2] [OA/ID 11572]
Box 3
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
National Security Council
Democracy and Human Rights
Halperin, Morton
Haiti – May-July 1994 [1] [OA/ID 487]
Haiti – May-July 1994 [2] [OA/ID 487]
Haiti – May-July 1994 [3] [OA/ID 487]
Haiti – May-July 1994 [4] [OA/ID 487]
Haiti – August-November, 1994 [1] [OA/ID 488]
Haiti – August-November, 1994 [2] [OA/ID 488]
Haiti – August-November, 1994 [3] [OA/ID 488]
Box 4
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
National Security Council
Democracy and Human Rights
Halperin, Morton
Haiti – August-November, 1994 [4] [OA/ID 488]
Haiti – August-November, 1994 [5] [OA/ID 488]
Intelligence Programs
Mitchell, Don
Haiti [1] [OA/ID 3032]
Haiti [2] [OA/ID 3032]
Tenet, George
[Closed Folder Title] [OA/ID 2487]
Inter-American Affairs
Haiti 1994 [1] [OA/ID 300]
Haiti 1994 [2] [OA/ID 300]
Haiti 1994 [3] [OA/ID 300]
Haiti 1994 [4] [OA/ID 300]
Haiti 1994 [5] [OA/ID 300]
Box 5
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
National Security Council
Inter-American Affairs
Haiti 1994 [6] [OA/ID 300]
Haiti 1994 [7] [OA/ID 300]
Haiti 1994 [8] [OA/ID 300]
Haiti 1994 [1] [OA/ID 318]
Haiti 1994 [2] [OA/ID 318]
Haiti 1994 [3] [OA/ID 318]
Haiti 1994 [4] [OA/ID 318]
Box 6
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
National Security Council
Inter-American Affairs
Haiti 1994 [Folder 1] [1] [OA/ID 301]
Haiti 1994 [Folder 1] [2] [OA/ID 301]
Haiti 1994 [Folder 1] [3] [OA/ID 301]
Haiti 1994 [Folder 1] [4] [OA/ID 301]
Haiti 1994 [Folder 1] [5] [OA/ID 301]
Haiti 1994 [Folder 1] [6] [OA/ID 301]
Haiti 1994 [Folder 2] [1] [OA/ID 301]
Box 7
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
National Security Council
Inter-American Affairs
Haiti 1994 [Folder 2] [2] [OA/ID 301]
Haiti 1994 [Folder 2] [3] [OA/ID 301]
Haiti 1994 [Folder 2] [4] [OA/ID 301]
Haiti 1994 [Folder 1] [1] [OA/ID 302]
Haiti 1994 [Folder 1] [2] [OA/ID 302]
Haiti 1994 [Folder 1] [3] [OA/ID 302]
Haiti 1994 [Folder 1] [4] [OA/ID 302]
Haiti 1994 [Folder 1] [5] [OA/ID 302]
Box 8
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
National Security Council
Inter-American Affairs
Haiti 1994 [Folder 1] [6] [OA/ID 302]
Haiti 1994 [Folder 2] [1] [OA/ID 302]
Haiti 1994 [Folder 2] [2] [OA/ID 302]
Haiti 1994 [Folder 2] [3] [OA/ID 302]
Haiti 1994 [Folder 2] [4] [OA/ID 302]
Haiti 1994 [Folder 2] [5] [OA/ID 302]
Haiti 1994 – February-March [1] [OA/ID 302]
Haiti 1994 – February-March [2] [OA/ID 302]
Haiti 1994 – February-March [3] [OA/ID 302]
Box 9
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
National Security Council
Inter-American Affairs
Haiti 1994 – February-March [4] [OA/ID 302]
Haiti 1994 – February-March [5] [OA/ID 302]
Haiti 1994 – April-May [1] [OA/ID 302]
Haiti 1994 – April-May [2] [OA/ID 302]
Haiti 1994 – April-May [3] [OA/ID 302]
Haiti 1994 – April-May [4] [OA/ID 302]
Haiti 1994 – April-May [5] [OA/ID 302]
Feinberg, Richard
Ref Safe Drawer Files – Haiti [1] [OA/ID 507]
Ref Safe Drawer Files – Haiti [2] [OA/ID 507]
Box 10
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
National Security Council
Inter-American Affairs
Ref Safe Drawer Files – Haiti [3] [OA/ID 507]
Ref Safe Drawer Files – Haiti [4] [OA/ID 507]
Ref Safe Drawer Files – Haiti 1993/1994 [1] [OA/ID 507]
Ref Safe Drawer Files – Haiti 1993/1994 [2] [OA/ID 507]
Ref Safe Drawer Files – Haiti 1993/1994 [3] [OA/ID 507]
Rossin, Lawrence
Haiti [1] [OA/ID 366]
Haiti [2] [OA/ID 366]
Haiti [3] [OA/ID 366]
Haiti – 7/94 Restricted Data Group [1] [OA/ID 366]
Haiti – 7/94 Restricted Data Group [2] [OA/ID 366]
Legal Advisor
Baker, James
Haiti Intervention September 1994 – Alan Kreczko – NSC Staff [1] [OA/ID 2002]
Box 11
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
National Security Council
Legal Advisor
Baker, James
Haiti Intervention September 1994 – Alan Kreczko – NSC Staff [2] [OA/ID 2002]
Haiti Intervention September 1994 – Alan Kreczko – NSC Staff [3] [OA/ID 2002]
Haiti Intervention September 1994 – Alan Kreczko – NSC Staff [4] [OA/ID 2002]
Haiti Intervention September 1994 – Alan Kreczko – NSC Staff [5] [OA/ID 2002]
Records Management
PC 0056 [PC Meeting on Haiti February 25, 1994] [OA/ID 4006]
Staff Director
Soderberg, Nancy
Haiti – Agenda and Calendars 1994 [OA/ID 1392]
Haiti – Background Memos 1994 [OA/ID 1392]
[Haiti] Cables to Foreign Leaders September 1994 [OA/ID 1392]
Haiti – Events 9/94 [OA/ID 1392]
Haiti Options April 1994 [1] [OA/ID 1392]
Box 12
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
National Security Council
Staff Director
Soderberg, Nancy
Haiti Options April 1994 [2] [OA/ID 1392]
Haiti Strategy Book, September 1994 [binder] [1] [OA/ID 1392]
Haiti Strategy Book, September 1994 [binder] [2] [OA/ID 1392]
Haiti Strategy Book, September 1994 [binder] [3] [OA/ID 1392]
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files (continued)
National Security Council
Staff Director
Soderberg, Nancy
Haiti Strategy Book, September 1994 [binder] [4] [OA/ID 1392]
Haiti – Talking Points and Press Guidance [1] [OA/ID 1392]
Haiti – Talking Points and Press Guidance [2] [OA/ID 1392]
Haiti – UNSC Resolution, July 1994 [OA/ID 1417]
Haiti Working File ’94 [OA/ID 1419]
Military Assistance 1994 [Haiti] [OA/ID 1392]
Military Departures [OA/ID 1419]
[Soderberg’s Notes from Haiti PC Meeting 2/4/1994] [OA/ID 1394]
[Soderberg’s Notes from Haiti PC Meeting 5/7/1994] [OA/ID 1394]
[Soderberg’s Notes from Haiti PC Meeting 10/7/1994] [OA/ID 1394]
Transnational Threats
Clarke, Richard
[Haiti – Key Papers] [binder 1] [OA/ID 2987]
Box 13
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
National Security Council
Transnational Threats
Clarke, Richard
[Haiti – Key Papers] [binder 2] [OA/ID 2987]
ORDP [Operation Restore Democracy Plan] [OA/ID 3781]
Peacekeeping-Haiti/Coalition, 1994 [OA/ID 3550]
Press Secretary
Haiti [OA/ID 4917]
Immigration – Cuba/Haiti [OA/ID 14262]
Press Release Subject File
Haiti [OA/ID 101765]
Haiti [OA/ID 101766]
Public Liaison
Johnson, Ben
Haitian Trip 11/1/94 [OA/ID 4595]
Johnson, Ben/Hilton, Steve
[White House Military Office Handbook for Haiti] [Folder 1] [OA/ID 10164]
[White House Military Office Handbook for Haiti] [Folder 2] [OA/ID 10164]
[White House Military Office Handbook for Haiti] [Folder 3] [OA/ID 10164]
Lux, Mike
Haiti [OA/ID 5090]
Box 14
Clinton Presidential Records: Automated Records Management System [Email]
OPD [OA/ID 250000]
[Haiti or Operation Uphold]
[09/16/1994 – 12/22/1994]
WHO [OA/ID 500000]
[Haiti or Operation Uphold]
[06/29/1994 – 09/19/1994]
[09/19/1994 – 10/07/1994]
[10/07/1994 – 03/31/1995]
Default [OA/ID 1100000]
[Haiti or Operation Uphold]
[05/17/1994 – 05/02/1995]
Clinton Presidential Records: Tape Restoration Project (TRP) [Email]
WHO [OA/ID 250000]
[Haiti or Operation Uphold]
[09/30/1994 – 10/06/1994]
Default [OA/ID 1100000]
[Haiti or Operation Uphold]
[10/20/1994 – 10/27/1994]